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The tablecloth is snowy white, recently cleaned with a new product
designed by a laboratory in Switzerland and made in Connecticut. The
table is decorated with a vase of flowers flown in that morning from
Israel. The heavy cutlery is from Germany. The cut glass decanters
are from Ireland. Your waiter brings you the wine list as you sit
chatting with your friends. The sun, a sinking red ball, is painting
a flight of pigeons with earth tones of red and gold.
You're in a trendy Manhattan restaurant about to have a meal in the
global village. You order a French wine and an Italian pasta. The
wine was flown in on planes owned jointly by an American and a British
firm. The wine is from Provence, but the pasta isn't Italian,
although its recipe is. Your friends order food mostly grown nearby;
but the chilies are from Mexico, the curry from Pakistan, the fresh
fruit from Venezuela, the fish from Alaska, the grapes from
California, and the cheese from Canada.
Even the food grown in Iowa or Indiana or Illinois was processed
through a complex system of trucking, insuring, legal, and retail
firms before arriving on your plate. And it probably had to go on
trucks or railway cars made, or partly made, in Japan, Britain,
France, or Germany.
While you're chatting, Jodi, one of your friends, starts to beep,
excuses herself, and reaches into her jacket pocket for her telephone.
She's talking to a business associate, a mutual friend in Curacao,
about a shipping deal involving partners in Britain, Singapore, and
Hong Kong.
As she speaks, the computer in her telephone is turning her voice into
a series of pips and tossing them into the air. A radio receiver
several blocks away picks up the low-powered radio waves, uses its
computer to check that it's an authorized call from that telephone,
amplifies the signals, and sends them on to a nearby central station
operated by her cellular-phone company. The station decodes the
signals, creates a corresponding pulsetrain of microwaves, and beams
them up to one of hundreds of orbiting satellites. Computers in the
targeted satellite decipher the call's destination and beam microwave
signals down to a receiving station in Curacao. The station then
routes the signals to a portable telephone held by your mutual friend
as he speeds down a rutted highway in an American car. All the
various encodings, decodings, routings, reroutings, uplinks, and
downlinks take only a few tenths of a second in total. Neither of
your friends notice.
The telephone, although Japanese, was made in America. The satellite
is owned by an American company, which is owned by its
stockholders---which may include you. It was launched by a company
jointly held by a consortium of European countries. That company has
thousands of employees, several of whom are Americans who live and
work in America. The satellite company, nominally American, also
employs thousands of people, many---but not all---of them Americans
residing in the United States. Others are in Singapore and other
places and may be Singaporean, Indian, British, French, or any of a
number of other nationalities. Large corporations no longer owe
allegiance to any one nation.
Similarly, the computers in the telephones, radio transceivers, and
satellites were designed by firms in Palo Alto but use parts made in
Houston, Taipei, Kobe, and Brussels. They were put together in Seoul,
shipped to Amsterdam, and sold all over the world.
Unconscious---and uncaring---of all of that interconnection, Jodi
hangs up the telephone and pulls a portable computer out of her
purse. Brushing aside her butterdish, she types something into the
computer, which beeps and makes faint chugging noises. It is
retrieving information. The tiny computer can hold several hundred
novels' worth of information---which seems odd, considering the tiny
size of Jodi's purse. Turning to you, she mumbles that she has to fax
some information to your mutual friend in Curacao, and her computer
does so as she speaks. Like the telephone, it can send and receive
information from around the world; but unlike a simple voice
transmission, this information can take the form of handwriting,
pictures, music, or just about anything else. She pays no attention.
At the close of the meal you hand your waiter a credit card. As he
wands it, your credit information pulses down the restaurant's
telephone lines to the credit approval center, a bunch of people and
computers you've never seen. You haven't, of course, paid for your
meal; you've promised to pay for it. Actually, the credit card
company has promised to pay it, and you've promised to pay them.
Later that month you might send a signed piece of paper, make a
telephone call, or visit a money machine---to talk your bank's
computers into paying your credit card company.
Your bankers are another group of strangers, and most of them are
computers too. They pay the credit card bill---or, rather, promise to
pay it---because the government has promised to replace any money lost
up to a certain amount. The government---that is, everyone in the
country---has promised to pay the bank because national banking
insurance is part of the social contract worked out to make this vast
web of dependencies function.
This web is but part of a larger web that includes every nation.
While sitting at the dinner table, you---or rather some of your
possessions---are affecting decisions being made around the world.
For instance, the money in your bank that nominally belongs to you
isn't actually in the bank's vaults. It is joyriding the airwaves.
Even when you're asleep, your bankers---or more usually their
computers---are trading on your money, using it to generate income, a
tiny bit of which they'll later give to you.
People and machines you've never heard of in Hong Kong, Tokyo, London,
or Chicago are continually buying and selling things, effectively,
with your money. By their separate actions, they are collectively
determining what future projects will get funded: a corporation's
supertanker, a country's space program, or that backyard swimming pool
you've been thinking of getting a loan for.
They all depend on your money, although, like information, it is only
really profitable when combined with the money of millions of others.
Now that it's gone electronic, money---like information and labor, and
all the rest of the strands that join together the global village---is
a fiction built on top of a fantasy masquerading as a reality. As
insubstantial as it is, it, and all the other strands of the web,
binds us all. We are all caught in a huge yet invisible web of
connections, each of us made more powerful by the uniformity and
collectivism of shared life. Food, fuel, jobs, money, artifacts,
life-styles, information---all are shared. Computer networks are but
the latest strand in that web. Eventually though they may become the
most binding thread of all.
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